Every investment carries risk, but not all risk behaves the same way. Systematic risk is the risk built into the entire market — things like inflation, interest rate changes, and recessions — and no amount of diversification can remove it. Unsystematic risk is specific to one company or industry, such as a lawsuit or a product recall, and it can largely be diversified away by spreading your money across different investments.
Understanding this distinction matters because it changes how you build a portfolio. You cannot protect yourself from a market-wide downturn by simply buying more stocks — but you can protect yourself from a single company’s bad news. This guide breaks down both types of risk, how they’re measured, and what you can realistically do about each one.
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